Power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection

ABSTRACT

A power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection is used in an electronic device, and is able to prevent the erroneous actions caused by a leakage current in high-temperature environments. The power supply switch circuit comprises a transistor having an emitter, a base and a collector, a field effect transistor having a drain, a source and a gate, and at least two series-connected diodes. The emitter is connected to a voltage source. The collector is connected to a load via a forward biased diode. The drain receives a trigger signal. The source is connected a reference terminal via at least two series-connected diodes. The gate is connected to the collector via a second resistor. One terminal of a third resistor is connected to the gate, and the other terminal is connected to the reference terminal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection and, more particularly, to a circuit used in an electronic device and capable of preventing the erroneous actions caused by a circuit leakage current in high temperature environments.

2. Description of Related Art

As shown in FIG. 1, a prior art power supply switch circuit is primarily formed by connecting two transistors Q₁, Q₂ and other electronic components. When power is to be supplied, a trigger signal S_(T) is used to control the transistor Q₁ to be on so that a voltage source V_(CC) can provide power to a load 90 via the transistor Q₁. Meanwhile, the supplied power can also be sent to the base of the transistor Q₂ to make the transistor Q₂ on. After the transistor Q2 is on, the base of the transistor Q₁ will be connected to a reference terminal Gnd to keep the transistor Q₁ on. When the power is to be cut off, a controller 91 will send a cut-off signal to the transistor Q₂ to make the transistor Q₂ off. The transistor Q₁ will then be off in succession so that the voltage source V_(CC) can no longer provide power to the load 90.

The leakage current of a transistor depends on the working temperature. The magnitude of the leakage current is proportional to temperature. Please refer to FIG. 1 again. According to the transistor's characteristics, when the circuit stops providing power, the transistor Q₂ will have a leakage current I_(CEO). When the temperature rises, the leakage current I_(CEO) increases, and the base current I_(B1) flowing through the transistor Q₁ increases therewith. Because the collector current I_(C) is β times the base current I_(B) according to the transistor's characteristics, the collector current I_(C1) of the transistor Q₁ will increase with the base current I_(B1) of the transistor Q₁. Similarly, the base current I_(B2) of the transistor Q₂ increases with the collector current I_(C1) of the transistor Q₁. With the increase of the base current I_(B2) of the transistor Q₂, the leakage current I_(CEO) increases. In this vicious circle, the power supply switch circuit will generate erroneous actions. That is, when the power supply switch circuit is originally in the off state (i.e., stops providing power), the transistor Q₁ will be on due to the leakage current I_(CEO) to drive the power supply switch circuit into the on state (i.e., starts providing power).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection, which is used in an electronic device and capable of preventing the erroneous actions caused by a circuit leakage current in high temperature environments.

The present invention comprises a transistor, a field effect transistor and a third resistor. The transistor has an emitter, a base and a collector. The emitter is connected to a voltage source. The collector is connected to a load via a forward biased diode. The field effect transistor has a drain, a source and a gate. The drain receives a trigger signal. The source is connected to a reference terminal via at least two series-connected diodes. The gate is connected to the collector via a second resistor. One terminal of the third resistor is connected to the gate, and the other terminal is connected to the reference terminal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The various objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a prior art power supply switch circuit;

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection of the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing how the present invention is used in an electronic device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection of the present invention. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection is used in an electronic device (not shown), and can prevent the erroneous actions caused by a leakage current in high temperature environments. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection comprises a transistor Q₃, a field effect transistor Q₄ and a third resistor R₁₄. The transistor Q₃ has an emitter E, a base B and a collector C. The emitter E is connected to a voltage source V_(CC). The collector C is connected to a load 92 via a forward biased diode D₁₃. The field effect transistor Q₄ has a drain D, a source S and a gate G. The drain D is connected to the base B of the transistor Q₃ via a first resistor R₁₂, and receives a trigger signal S_(T1). The source S is connected to a reference terminal Gnd via a voltage clamp unit 93. The voltage clamp unit 93 provides a reference voltage, and is formed by series connecting at least two diodes (D₁₁, D₁₂) together in this embodiment. The gate is connected to the collector C of the transistor Q₃ via a second resistor R₁₃. One terminal of the third resistor R₁₄ is connected to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q₄, and the other terminal is connected to the reference terminal Gnd.

The second resistor R₁₃ and the third resistor R₁₄ are series connected together to form a voltage divider unit 94. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection of the present invention further comprises a capacitor C₁₁ and a fourth resistor R₁₁, which are parallel connected between the emitter E and the base B of the transistor Q₃. The transistor Q₃ is a PNP transistor, and the field effect transistor Q₄ is an N-channel field effect transistor.

Please refer to FIG. 2 again. When the power supply switch circuit supplies power normally, it receives a low-level trigger signal S_(T1) for the activation of power supply. The low-level trigger signal S_(T1) drives the transistor Q₃ to be on. After the transistor Q₃ is on, the voltage source V_(CC) provides power to the load 92 via the transistor Q₃. Because the transistor Q₃ is on, the voltage source V_(CC) will produce a large enough control bias on the resistor R₁₄ of the voltage divider unit 94 to drive the field effect transistor Q₄ to be on. When the control bias is larger than the sum of the on voltage of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the reference voltage, the field effect transistor Q₄ immediately enters the on state. After the field effect transistor Q₄ is on, the base B of the transistor Q₃ is connected to the reference terminal Gnd to keep the transistor Q₃ on, thereby continuing providing power to the load 92.

When the circuit stops providing power, the field effect transistor Q₄ will generates a leakage current I_(DSS). When the temperature rises, the leakage current I_(DSS) increases, and the base current I_(B3) flowing through the transistor Q₃ increases therewith. Because the collector current I_(C) is β times the base current I_(B) according to the transistor's characteristics, the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ will increase with the base current I_(B3). The increase of the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ will cause an increase in the voltage of the gate G of the field effect transistor Q₄. However, because the source S of the field effect transistor Q₄ is series connected to the voltage clamp unit 93 (i.e., at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂), for the field effect transistor Q₄ to be on, the voltage of the gate G has to be larger than the sum of the pinch-off voltage V_(T) of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the voltage drop across the at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂.

When the present invention works in high-temperature environments, the increase of the leakage current I_(DSS) will lead the base current I_(B3) and the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ to rise in succession. However, because the voltage of the gate of the field effect transistor Q₄ generated when the collector current I_(C3) flowing through the third resistor R₁₄ is still smaller than the sum of the pinch-off voltage V_(T) of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the voltage drop across the at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂, the field effect transistor Q₄ won't cause erroneous actions even if there is any variation in temperature. Therefore, the power supply switch circuit can work stably without any influence from transistor's leakage current in high-temperature environments.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing how the present invention is used in an electronic device. An electronic device 10 provides a high-level trigger signal S_(TR) for the activation of power supply. The high-level trigger signal S_(TR) is connected to a power supply switch circuit 20 via a first switch unit 30, and is connected to a microprocessor 50 via a second switch unit 40. The high-level trigger signal S_(TR) drives a transistor Q₅ in the first switch unit 30 to be on. After the transistor Q₅ is on, the base of the transistor Q₃ is connected to the reference terminal Gnd so that the transistor Q₃ is on. The voltage source V_(CC) thus provides power to a load 60 and a voltage regulator 70 via the transistor Q₃. Because the transistor Q₃ is on, the voltage source V_(CC) will produce a large enough control bias on the resistor R₁₄ of the voltage divider unit 94 to drive the field effect transistor Q₄ to be on. When the control bias is larger than the sum of the on voltage of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the reference voltage, the field effect transistor Q₄ immediately enters the on state to keep the transistor Q₃ on.

When the electronic device 10 is to stop providing power, it provides a low-level trigger signal S_(TR) for end of power supply. The low-level trigger signal S_(TR) drives a transistor Q₇ in the second switch unit 40 to be off. After the transistor Q₇ is off, the microprocessor 50 immediately outputs a high-level signal to drive a transistor Q₆ in a third switch unit 80 to be on. After the transistor Q₆ is on, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q₄ is connected to the reference terminal Gnd to drive the field effect transistor Q₄ to be off. After the field effect transistor Q₄ is off, the transistor Q₃ immediately enters the off state, and the voltage source V_(CC) stops providing power to the load 60 and the voltage regulator 70.

When the electronic device 10 stops providing power, if the temperature rises, the leakage current I_(DSS) of the field effect transistor Q₄ will increase, and the base current I_(B3) flowing through the transistor Q₃ increases therewith. Because the collector current I_(C) is β times the base current I_(B) according to the transistor's characteristics, the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ will increase with the base current I_(B3). The increase of the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ will cause an increase in the voltage of the gate G of the field effect transistor Q₄. However, because the source S of the field effect transistor Q₄ is series connected to the at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂, for the field effect transistor Q₄ to be on, the voltage of the gate G has to be larger than the sum of the pinch-off voltage V_(T) of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the voltage drop across the at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂.

When the present invention works in high-temperature environments, the increase of the leakage current I_(DSS) will lead the base current I_(B3) and the collector current I_(C3) of the transistor Q₃ to rise in succession. However, because the voltage of the gate of the field effect transistor Q₄ generated when the collector current I_(C3) flowing through the third resistor R₁₄ is still smaller than the sum of the pinch-off voltage V_(T) of the field effect transistor Q₄ and the voltage drop across the at least two series-connected diodes D₁₁ and D₁₂, the field effect transistor Q₄ won't cause erroneous actions even if there is any variation in temperature. Therefore, the power supply switch circuit can work stably without any influence from transistor's leakage current in high-temperature environments.

To sum up, the present invention makes use of a PNP transistor and an N-channel field effect transistor to achieve current leakage protection so that the circuit won't produce erroneous actions due to the increase of leakage current in high-temperature environments.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details thereof. Various substitutions and modifications have been suggested in the foregoing description, and other will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all such substitutions and modifications are intended to be embraced within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. 

1. A power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection, said power supply switch circuit being used in an electronic device and capable of preventing the erroneous actions caused by a leakage current in high-temperature environments, said power supply switch circuit comprising: a transistor having an emitter, a base and a collector, said emitter being connected to a voltage source, said collector being connected to a load, said base receiving a trigger signal; a field effect transistor having a drain, a source and a gate, said drain being connected to said base via a first resistor, said gate being connected to said collector via a second resistor and a reference terminal via a third resistor; and at least two series-connected diodes connected between said source and said reference terminal.
 2. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second resistor and said third resistor are series connected together to form a voltage divider unit.
 3. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a capacitor, wherein said capacitor is parallel connected between said emitter and said base of said transistor.
 4. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a fourth resistor, wherein said fourth resistor is parallel connected between said emitter and said base of said transistor.
 5. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transistor is a PNP transistor.
 6. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said field effect transistor is an N-channel field effect transistor.
 7. A power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection, said power supply switch circuit being used in an electronic device and capable of preventing the erroneous actions caused by a leakage current in high-temperature environments, said power supply switch circuit comprising: a transistor whose conduction is controlled by a trigger signal; a voltage divider unit connected to said transistor and used to output a control bias according to a conduction current of said transistor; a field effect transistor connected to said transistor and said voltage divider unit, conduction of said field effect transistor being controlled by said control bias and used to keep said transistor on; and a voltage clamp unit connected to said field effect transistor and providing a reference voltage to increase the level of an on voltage of said field effect transistor; whereby conduction of said field effect transistor depends on whether said control bias is larger than the sum of said on voltage of said field effect transistor and said reference voltage.
 8. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7, wherein said transistor is a PNP transistor.
 9. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7, wherein said field effect transistor is an N-channel field effect transistor.
 10. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7, wherein said field effect transistor is connected to said transistor via a first resistor.
 11. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7, wherein said voltage divider unit comprises a second resistor and a third resistor, and those are connected in series.
 12. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7 further comprising a capacitor, wherein said capacitor is parallel connected between an emitter and a base of said transistor.
 13. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7 further comprising a fourth resistor, wherein said fourth resistor is parallel connected between an emitter and a base of said transistor.
 14. The power supply switch circuit with current leakage protection as claimed in claim 7, wherein said voltage clamp unit comprises at least two diodes, and said diodes are connected in series. 